826 research outputs found
A Method To Do Binary Analysis And Provide Smart Advisory Using Runtime Architecture Layer To Improve Quality And Performance in Enterprise Applications
Enterprise applications, by their very nature, need security, performance and robustness in addition to being reliable and scalable. Providing useful diagnostics and analysis, generating optimized code to produce such enterprise applications, have always been a research topic in compilers and system software technologies, and has so far resulted in many successful implementations through compiler optimizations and performance analysis tools. Here we propose a newer and smarter unique technique by tapping the potential of Runtime Architecture Layer of an Operating System Platform, which has been untapped so far.
RTA (Runtime Architecture) Layer mainly includes assemblers, static and dynamic linkers, loaders, runtime libraries and ELF (Executable and Linkable Format) binary information. Collectively, this layer provides a substantial amount of crucial information that helps to improve security, performance and robustness significantly, which is of highest importance in enterprise application development
A domain of spacetime intervals in general relativity
Beginning from only a countable dense set of events and the causality
relation, it is possible to reconstruct a globally hyperbolic spacetime in a
purely order theoretic manner. The ultimate reason for this is that globally
hyperbolic spacetimes belong to a category that is equivalent to a special
category of domains called interval domains.Comment: 25 page
Development and optimization of low power non-thermal plasma jet operational parameters for treating dyes and emerging contaminants
Emerging contaminants (ECs) have come out as the latest class of
environmental contaminants, which are highly recalcitrant and toxic in nature.
Currently, no suitable rectification methods are available against the ECs,
resulting in a continuous increase in their concentration. Non-thermal plasma,
as an advanced oxidation process, has been emerging as a promising technology
against the ECs treatment. In the present work, a detailed experimental study
is carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a non-thermal plasma jet with two
dyes, Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue, as model contaminants. The plasma jet
provided a complete dye decoloration in 30 min with an applied voltage of 6.5
kV. .OH, having the highest oxidation potential, acts as the main reactive
species, which with direct action on contaminants also acts indirectly by
getting converted into H2O2 and O3. Further, the effect of critical operational
parameters viz., sample pH, applied voltage (4.5-6.5 kV), conductivity (5-20
mScm-1), and sample distance on plasma treatment efficacy was also examined.
Out of all the assessed parameters, the applied voltage and sample conductivity
was found to be the most significant operating parameter. A high voltage and
low conductivity were found to favor the dye decoloration, while the pH effect
was not that significant. To understand the influence of plasma discharge gas
on treatment efficacy, all the experiments are conducted with Argon and Helium
gases under the fixed geometrical configuration. Both the gases provided a
similar dye decoloration efficiency. The DBD plasma system with complete dye
removal also rendered maximum mineralization of 73 % for Rd. B, and 60 % for
Met. Blue. Finally, the system's efficiency against the actual ECs (four
pharmaceutical compounds, viz., metformin, atenolol, acetaminophen, and
ranitidine) and microbial contaminant (Escherichia coli) was also tested.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure
Bacteria in cancer therapy: a novel experimental strategy
Resistance to conventional anticancer therapies in patients with advanced solid tumors has prompted the need of alternative cancer therapies. Moreover, the success of novel cancer therapies depends on their selectivity for cancer cells with limited toxicity to normal tissues. Several decades after Coley's work a variety of natural and genetically modified non-pathogenic bacterial species are being explored as potential antitumor agents, either to provide direct tumoricidal effects or to deliver tumoricidal molecules. Live, attenuated or genetically modified non-pathogenic bacterial species are capable of multiplying selectively in tumors and inhibiting their growth. Due to their selectivity for tumor tissues, these bacteria and their spores also serve as ideal vectors for delivering therapeutic proteins to tumors. Bacterial toxins too have emerged as promising cancer treatment strategy. The most potential and promising strategy is bacteria based gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Although it has shown successful results in vivo yet further investigation about the targeting mechanisms of the bacteria are required to make it a complete therapeutic approach in cancer treatment
Timing Offset Calibration of CZTI instrument aboard ASTROSAT
The radio as well as the high energy emission mechanism in pulsars is yet not
understood properly. A multi-wavelength study is likely to help in better
understanding of such processes. The first Indian space-based observatory,
ASTROSAT, has five instruments aboard, which cover the electromagnetic spectrum
from infra-red (1300 ) to hard X-ray (380 KeV). Cadmium Zinc Telluride
Imager (CZTI), one of the five instruments is a hard X-ray telescope functional
over an energy range of 20-380 KeV. We aim to estimate the timing offset
introduced in the data acquisition pipeline of the instrument, which will help
in time alignment of high energy time series with those from two other
ground-based observatories, viz. the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) and
the Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT). PSR B0531+21 is a well-studied pulsar with
nearly aligned radio and hard X-ray pulse profiles. We use simultaneous
observations of this pulsar with the ASTROSAT, the ORT and the GMRT. The pulsar
was especially observed using the ORT with almost daily cadence to obtain good
timing solutions. We also supplement the ORT data with archival FERMI data for
estimation of timing noise. The timing offset of ASTROSAT instruments was
estimated from fits to arrival time data at the ASTROSAT and the radio
observatories. We estimate the offset between the GMRT and the ASTROSAT-CZTI to
be -4716 50 . The corresponding offset with the ORT was -29639
50 . The offsets between the GMRT and Fermi-LAT -5368 56
. (Abridged)Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, Revised and Updated, accepted for
publication in A&
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Trends in the availability of the vulture-toxic drug, diclofenac, and other NSAIDs in South Asia, as revealed by covert pharmacy surveys
SummaryThe catastrophic declines of three species of ‘Critically Endangered’ Gyps vultures in South Asia were caused by unintentional poisoning by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac. Despite a ban on its veterinary use in 2006 (India, Nepal, Pakistan) and 2010 (Bangladesh), residues of diclofenac have continued to be found in cattle carcasses and in dead wild vultures. Another NSAID, meloxicam, has been shown to be safe to vultures. From 2012 to 2018, we undertook covert surveys of pharmacies in India, Nepal and Bangladesh to investigate the availability and prevalence of NSAIDs for the treatment of livestock. The purpose of the study was to establish whether diclofenac continued to be sold for veterinary use, whether the availability of meloxicam had increased and to determine which other veterinary NSAIDs were available. The availability of diclofenac declined in all three countries, virtually disappearing from pharmacies in Nepal and Bangladesh, highlighting the advances made in these two countries to reduce this threat to vultures. In India, diclofenac still accounted for 10–46% of all NSAIDs offered for sale for livestock treatment in 2017, suggesting weak enforcement of existing regulations and a continued high risk to vultures. Availability of meloxicam increased in all countries and was the most common veterinary NSAID in Nepal (89.9% in 2017). Although the most widely available NSAID in India in 2017, meloxicam accounted for only 32% of products offered for sale. In Bangladesh, meloxicam was less commonly available than the vulture-toxic NSAID ketoprofen (28% and 66%, respectively, in 2018), despite the partial government ban on ketoprofen in 2016. Eleven different NSAIDs were recorded, several of which are known or suspected to be toxic to vultures. Conservation priorities should include awareness raising, stricter implementation of current bans, bans on other vulture-toxic veterinary NSAIDs, especially aceclofenac and nimesulide, and safety-testing of other NSAIDs on Gyps vultures to identify safe and toxic drugs.</jats:p
Insecticide Susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes in Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Districts in India and Nepal
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also know as kala azar, is one of the major public health concerns India, Nepal and Bangladesh. In the Indian subcontinent, VL is caused by Leishmania donovani which is transmitted by Phlebotomus argentipes. To date, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) campaigns have been unable to control the disease. Vector resistance to the insecticides used has been postulated as one of the possible reasons explaining this failure. A number of studies in the region have shown a variable degree of resistance to DDT in areas where this insecticide has been widely used for IRS (mainly India). However there is no coordinated and standardized program to monitor resistance to insecticides in the region. In this study we tested P. argentipes susceptibility to DDT and deltamethrin in VL endemic villages in India and Nepal. The results confirmed the DDT resistance in India and in a border village of Nepal. P. argentipes from both countries were in general susceptible to deltamethrin, an insecticide used in some long lasting insecticidal nets
Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in India: a systematic review.
OBJECTIVES: Chronic diseases are fast becoming the largest health burden in India. Despite this, their management in India has not been well studied. We aimed to systematically review the nature and efficacy of current management strategies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in India. METHODS: We used database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, IndMED, CENTRAL and CINAHL), journal hand-searches, scanning of reference lists and contact with experts to identify studies for systematic review. We did not review management strategies aimed at chronic diseases more generally, nor management of acute exacerbations. Due to the heterogeneity of reviewed studies, meta-analysis was not appropriate. Thus, narrative methods were used. SETTING: India. PARTICIPANTS: All adult populations resident in India. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 1. Trialled interventions and outcomes 2. Extent and efficacy of current management strategies 3. Above outcomes by subgroup. RESULTS: We found information regarding current management - particularly regarding the implementation of national guidelines and primary prevention - to be minimal. This led to difficulty in interpreting studies of management strategies, which were varied and generally of positive effect. Data regarding current management outcomes were very few. CONCLUSIONS: The current understanding of management strategies for COPD in India is limited due to a lack of published data. Determination of the extent of current use of management guidelines, availability and use of treatment, and current primary prevention strategies would be useful. This would also provide evidence on which to interpret existing and future studies of management outcomes and novel interventions
Tigers of Sundarbans in India: Is the Population a Separate Conservation Unit?
The Sundarbans tiger inhabits a unique mangrove habitat and are morphologically distinct from the recognized tiger subspecies in terms of skull morphometrics and body size. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess their ecological and genetic distinctiveness and determine if Sundarbans tigers should be defined and managed as separate conservation unit. We utilized nine microsatellites and 3 kb from four mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes to estimate genetic variability, population structure, demographic parameters and visualize historic and contemporary connectivity among tiger populations from Sundarbans and mainland India. We also evaluated the traits that determine exchangeability or adaptive differences among tiger populations. Data from both markers suggest that Sundarbans tiger is not a separate tiger subspecies and should be regarded as Bengal tiger (P. t. tigris) subspecies. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA data revealed reciprocal monophyly. Genetic differentiation was found stronger for mtDNA than nuclear DNA. Microsatellite markers indicated low genetic variation in Sundarbans tigers (He= 0.58) as compared to other mainland populations, such as northern and Peninsular (Hebetween 0.67- 0.70). Molecular data supports migration between mainland and Sundarbans populations until very recent times. We attribute this reduction in gene flow to accelerated fragmentation and habitat alteration in the landscape over the past few centuries. Demographic analyses suggest that Sundarbans tigers have diverged recently from peninsular tiger population within last 2000 years. Sundarbans tigers are the most divergent group of Bengal tigers, and ecologically non-exchangeable with other tiger populations, and thus should be managed as a separate "evolutionarily significant unit" (ESU) following the adaptive evolutionary conservation (AEC) concept.Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun (India)
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